The Beginning, Part 2

Judith Reeve, “Undertow,” Lithograph published initially with this essay, AziMuth, Spring 2000.

As I reflect on the beginning of my artistic journey and the evolution of my blog, I am often reminded that beginnings often express all our longings for what ought to be and, in many ways, summarize all that may proceed. Below is an article I wrote for the journal AziMuth. AziMuth was a collaborative effort by a group of artists, all at the early stages of their development. It was a pleasure to work with all of them, mining an artistic vision that had yet to fully emerge.

Language of the Artistic Journey

[Originally published in AziMuth, a journal of the arts, Spring, 2000]

“There is a splendid land, a land of Cockaigne, they say, that I dream of visiting with an old love.  A unique land drowned in our Northern fogs, that might be called the Orient of the West, the China of Europe, where heated and capricious fantasy is given such free rein and has so patiently and persistently adorned it with its learned and luxuriant vegetation.”

(Invitation to the Voyage, Charles Baudelaire, trans. Cosman, Little Brown and Co.)

The beginning of any pursuit must inevitably start with an invitation, whether it be an outward or inward call to action.  Charles Baudelaire describes the artistic journey of the poet/painter as an Invitation to a Voyage, a voyage embarked upon by what he calls correspondence.  Correspondence identifies the relationship between the artist and his subject in the natural world and its mirrored relationship in the imagination.  This deep feeling of connectedness evoked by the subject spawns in the artist a journey into the imaginal world. It is here a dialogue takes place in archetypal terms between the soul of the artist and the corresponding image of the subject.

This journey could be described as a quest in all its fullness.  It is a sort of search for a “holy grail” or the “alchemical gold,” one in which the artist is transformed as much as he is transforming his subject.  It is a call to “know thyself.”  In Baudelaire’s prose poem, An Invitation to a Voyage, he describes this imaginal world in terms of its transformative powers.  It is a place where,

“The treasures of the world flow…It is a unique land, superior to others, as art is to nature, where Nature is refashioned by the dream, where it is corrected, recast.”

But what is to be gained on this quest in this “unique land?”  Baudelaire states in An Invitation,

“I have found my Black Tulip and my Blue Dahlia.  Incomparable flower, rediscovered tulip, allegorical dahlia, it is there, is it not, in this lovely land so quiet and so dreamy that we should go to live and flower?”

(Invitation to the Voyage) 

It appears that the rediscovered tulip is the longed for creative impulse, the vital need for inspiration, for a “spark.”  And it also appears that the blue dahlia becomes the “poetic Image,” the elusive object sought after in the imagination.  These two aspects, the creative impulse and the poetic image, have an internal dialogue within the imagination, providing the artist with the energy and material for the poem/painting.

The artist returns from this world, this journey, enriched, inspired by the image, which is a token of authentic contact. An “event” has taken place within the soul.  This event, this powerful experience, calls for a language appropriate to the scale and geography of the imagination.  One cannot bring back the experience itself; it has already passed. One can only bring back an equivalent, an analogy for what has taken place.  Analogy, therefore, becomes the appropriate language of the artist.  There is no other way to communicate—the French 19th-century writer, René Daumal, has directly titled his last novel Mount Analogue, reflecting this theme.  Early 20th-century American photographer Alfred Stiegeltz titled his lifetime work on cloud formations, Equivalents.  And in regard to painting, Eugene Delacroix, in his journal, puts it this way:

“The figures and objects in a picture, which to one part of your intelligence seem to be actual things themselves, are like a solid bridge to support your imagination as it probes the deep mysterious emotions of which the forms are, so to speak, the hieroglyph…”

(Journal, Delacroix, Phaidon, 1995)

Analogy becomes the language or symbol (symbol in terms of visual imagery) whereby the artist can create the poem/painting.  Characteristically, the analogy is independent. It becomes the work itself.  It retains a vitality beyond the confines of the creator.  Because of this independent life of the symbol, the work can be accessed by all.  Analogically, there is a repetition of the original journey of the artist, whereby the work becomes the subject in the natural world, allowing the viewer/reader to find their own correspondence.  Through analogy, we can travel to someplace- Mount Analogue or Cockaigne– in the imaginal world. Although this journey has signposts of the artists’ original voyage, everyone must travel inevitably by a different road.  The corresponding event, the search for the “Blue Dahlia,” or the “Alchemical Gold,” will be individual and personal.  The artist allows for this possibility by leaving a lacuna, described by Baudelaire as a gap, an incompleteness in the artistic work, to allow a place of entry for the imagination. 

Tied up with all of this is the artist’s own nostalgia for a revisiting.  The poet/painter takes on the role of the viewer/reader in this case.  The independence of the analogy takes on another character in the artistic journey of the poet/painter.  Therefore, for the artist as well as for the viewer, all “great work,” the “treasures of the world,” become mine.  They are mine personally, as well as collectively.  I possess them all and am able to dialogue analogically with all the artists, past and present, as well as travel to all those “unique lands,”  allowing myself to be personally transformed by each and every work.

“Through art mysterious bonds of understanding and of knowledge are established among men.  They are the bonds of a great Brotherhood.  Those who are of the Brotherhood know each other, and time and space cannot separate them.”

(The Art Spirit, Robert Henri, Harper and Row, 1923)

Immensity and the Largeness of Effect

The juxtaposition of immensity and movement make the ocean an ever dynamic subject for the artist.

Image of Rockwell Kent
Rockwell Kent from Wilderness: A Journal of a Quiet Adventure in Alaska, 1920.

“Why is the sight of the sea so infinitely and eternally attractive?

Because the sea simultaneously provides the idea of immensity and movement.”

Charles Baudelaire

Baudelaire goes on to express that all great works of genius contain an element of ‘immensity’. Immensity has very little to do with the actual size of a work but with  that interior feeling of vastness combined with a sense of fragility. The image astonishes us and “…entails a nervous shock…” producing something like fear, that this sublime moment shall pass and I will fail to seize hold of its nature. It is a moment of recognition that this very immensity I experience in the image resides simultaneously within myself. There dwells a correspondence and a ‘sympathy’ which allows my being in its wholeness to complete the image. The image itself has been waiting for me.

Last week, I reread “Wilderness” by Rockwell Kent which combines images he produced in Alaska with his daily journal entries on Fox Island during the seven months he spent there with his 10-year-old son. In one entry he describes a woodblock he is carving. It contains vast mountains and a rough sea. He spent several nights carving it and deliberating over its form. He ends the entry by saying that it is only two inches square! Multum in parvo– Immensity held in a small space.

“There are moments of existence when time and expanse are more profound, and the sense of existence is hugely enhanced.”  Are not the images that we find truly moving descriptive of these moments? These images may not contain great or historic events or unbelievable places or profound personalities, but are most often an ordinary commonplace. “In certain almost supernatural states of soul, the profundity of life is entirely revealed in any scene, however ordinary, that presents itself before one. The scene becomes its Symbol.”

When I reflect on the child portraits of Robert Henri, especially the late Irish portraits, I find immensity there. Though ordinary children, he expresses an ‘immensity of soul’ combined with the fragility of childhood, so time bound and fleeting. Henri expresses this immensity with all the potentiality of the child which time destroys as the child matures. This is something that we too have been a part of- our own childhood and the memories of that time and our own latent potential in youth. The immensity expressed in these children reaches out to us and we find our place there.

Are there some painting techniques or practices that can assist my images as I search for a feeling of immensity in my work? I look to Delacroix as my guide. A strong composition and the evocative use of color can lead you. The suppression of detail combined with a preservation of the masses as well as a quality of incompleteness adds to this feeling. It must also not be too objective, but needs to contain an element of the ‘self’ or personality of the artist as well as unconscious or ill-defined material. There is also an element of movement. When Baudelaire describes our fascination with the sea, it is movement that also captivates us. Delacroix achieved movement through brush stroke as well as the use of complements and colored edges. Henri achieved movement through the compositional use of color where there is a constant and subtle adjustment in color and tone to move the eye around the image. There are others as well. These are just some of the tools in the artists’ toolbox. But first and foremost one needs the eyes to see.

I love the obscure French book, Mt. Analogue, by Rene Daumal, in which the characters of the story find that there is a hidden world in our very midst and that it only takes their willingness to engage that world in order to enter upon the journey. The journey itself takes place under the guise of a commonplace, a sea voyage. But it is this initiation that will inevitably lead them to Mt Analogue. I believe having an open mind and heart will create the ability for one to see with a greater awareness the imaginative potential and vastness latent in the commonplace. Immensity of soul, of lived experience, will inevitably lead to a feeling of expansion within the image.

All Quotes from, Charles Baudelaire’s, Intimate Journals, trans. Norman Cameron, 1995.